become的过去式：became和become，只差一个元音
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你正在听写一段有人讲述自己职业历程的内容。说话人放出一句话，你写下 "He came a manager last year"，再读一遍发现句子缺了一大块。真正的句子是 "He became a manager last year"。先简短回答：become 的过去式是 became，而过去分词又回到 become 本身。V-ing 形式是 becoming，第三人称单数是 becomes。
Become 难在两个地方，动词变位表讲不到。第一，V3 和 V1 相同。句子里看到 become，不看它前面的词，你不知道它是原形还是分词，这就是 "he has became" 成为学习者最顽固的书写错误之一的原因。第二，became 和 become 两种形式在第二音节只差一个元音，第一音节在真实口语里几乎被吞掉，所以耳朵得抓对那一个音才能区分时态。
本文走完整条链：become 的形式表、V1 与 V3 相同的动词组（become 是成员，因为它本是 come 加前缀）、何时用 became 何时用 become、become 与 get、turn、go 的界限（越南语用一个词"变成"把它们混在一起）、become 的固定搭配，以及对练听力的人最重要的是这两种形式在正常语速下听起来什么样。
- become 形式表，以及它为何变位和 come 一样
- 何时用 became，何时用 become
- 在真实口语中听 became 和 become
- 与 became 和 become 的常见搭配
- 越南学习者常犯的 become 错误
- 快速练习
- 常见问题
become 形式表，以及它为何变位和 come 一样
五种形式，一张表搞定。音标列按美式标注，英式在这个词上几乎没差别。
| 形式 | 词 | 音标 | 简短例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原形 (V1) | become | /bɪˈkʌm/ | Things become clear later. |
| 第三人称单数 | becomes | /bɪˈkʌmz/ | It becomes easier. |
| 过去式 (V2) | became | /bɪˈkeɪm/ | She became a nurse. |
| 过去分词 (V3) | become | /bɪˈkʌm/ | It has become normal. |
| 现在分词 | becoming | /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/ | He is becoming impatient. |
第一行和第四行一模一样。不是印刷错误。Become 属于一个很小的组，V1 和 V3 共用一个词，V2 则变元音。这个组只有几个成员：come 配 came，run 配 ran，become 配 became，overcome 配 overcame。
看上面的列表，原因立刻显现：become 就是 come 加了前缀 be。它不是需要单独学的独立动词，而是已有动词前面再加两个字母，所以它继承 come 整套变位。Come 变成 came，become 就变成 became。Come 在 V3 保持原形，become 也保持原形。Overcome 也走同样的路。
这有一个很实用的后果：如果你已经掌握 come，become 不用额外学，只要记住前缀 be 不变。反过来，如果你在 come 上常写错，那个错误会自动在 become 上重复，改一处就两处都改好。
还有一个字形细节：become 里的 o 读 /ʌ/，是口腔中间的元音，不是 home 或 stone 里的 /oʊ/。这也是 become 从 come 继承来的。如果你把这个元音装错了，became 和 become 都会错，因为你会去找一个不存在的音。
最后，重音落在第二音节：beCOME，beCAME。第一音节没有重音，所以缩成一个极短的音，快说时几乎消失。这重要到下面专门有一节讲它。
还有几个动词值得对照：come 的过去式是 become 本身的根源，读那篇等于理解本文一半，run 的过去式是 V1 与 V3 相同组的另一成员，V2 也变元音，get 的过去式解释母语者日常口语里为何常用 get 代替 become，grow 的过去式是暗示缓慢过程的动词，和 become 并排放，语义边界就很清楚。想看整个体系，打开英语语法那篇，从那里往下走。
何时用 became，何时用 become
最简原则：became 单独站，become 只跟在助动词后面或处于原形。Became 是过去式，自己当句子的主要动词。Become 作分词时前面必须有 have、has、had，作原形时跟在 will、can、may、to 或 did 后面。
| 句子 | 对错 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| She became a nurse in 2018. | 对 | 过去式，有明确时间标记 |
| She has became a nurse. | 错 | has 后面必须是分词 become |
| It has become a habit. | 对 | 分词跟在 has 后，结果延续到现在 |
| Did he became the lead? | 错 | did 后面是原形 become |
| He became to like the job. | 错 | become 不接 to V，这里要用 came to like |
| The room became very quiet. | 对 | become 是连系动词，后面接形容词 |
第五行值得停一下，因为这是学习者写起来非常自然的错误。Become 是连系动词，后面是名词或形容词，从来不是另一个动词。要说逐渐喜欢某样东西，英语用 "came to like" 或 "grew to like"，不用 became。
接下来容易乱的是语义。越南语把 become、get、turn、go、grow 都塞进一个词"变成"，英语选哪个取决于变化的对象和正式程度。看下面六对，边界就更清楚。
| 句子对 | 区别在哪 |
|---|---|
| He became a teacher. / He got a job as a teacher. | become 直接接职业。get 接 job，不接职业名称 |
| She became angry. / She got angry. | 意思一样，got angry 更口语，口语里更常见 |
| The milk went bad. / The milk became bad. | 食物变质用 go。后一句母语者听着很怪 |
| The leaves turned red. / The leaves became red. | 变色用 turn。become 听着生硬、像书面语 |
| He became interested. / He grew interested. | grow 暗示缓慢渐进的过程。become 对速度是中性的 |
| What became of him? / What happened to him? | become of 是固定搭配，问某人或某物后来的命运 |
还有一个常被忽略的细节：become 偏向书面语和重大、长期的变化。日常对话里，母语者说 get 多得多：get tired、get better、get used to it。"I became tired" 不算错，但听着像在念报告。真正的转折选 become，日常小事选 get。
在真实口语中听 became 和 become
这部分你在动词变位表里找不到，也是决定你能否听出句子时态的部分。纸面上，became 和 become 差三个字母。声音里，它们只差一个元音，词的其余部分完全重合。
第一音节没有重音，所以缩到几乎消失。 become 和 became 都重读第二音节，开头的 be 只剩一个极短、粘在前一个词上的音。"He became" 变成 "hi bkeim"。"It has become" 变成 "it hz bkum"。你的听写稿里，最先丢的总是词头，不是词尾。
be 消失后，became 听起来很像 came。 这是这个词特有的陷阱。"He became a manager" 响起来是 "hi bkei-ma manijer"，如果 /b/ 太轻，耳朵只抓到 "came a manager"。听写出来的句子还能读，只是少了"变成"的意思。
同样的机制下，become 听起来很像 come。 "She has become quiet" 听出来是 "shiz bkum kwaiet"，很容易听写成 "she has come quiet"，这是一句没意义的句子。对新手来说，这是种很难自己发现的错误，因为两个词都很熟悉。
became 和 become 的全部区别就在一个元音上。 became 里的 /eɪ/ 是双元音，长，向上滑。become 里的 /ʌ/ 是短元音，停在口腔中部。词里没有别的线索，因为首尾辅音完全一样。
become 前面的 has 和 have 几乎隐形。 真实口语里 "They have become" 是 "they've become"，缩略部分只是粘在主语末尾的一个 /v/ 音。听漏这部分就会听写成 "they become"，语法错了，但耳朵觉得完全合理。
末尾的 /m/ 音总会连到下一个词。 "became a"、"become a"、"became an issue" 都会连成一块："bkei-ma"、"bkuh-ma"、"bkei-ma-nishu"。眼睛看有空格，耳朵听没有，按眼睛分词的学习者会在这里丢线索。
下表并排列出三样东西：原句、快读时的发音，以及常见听写错误。中间一列是耳朵抓到的音，不是标准音标。
| 真实句子 | 听成 | 学习者常听写成 |
|---|---|---|
| He became a manager last year. | hi bkei-ma manijer las yir | He came a manager last year. |
| It became clear pretty fast. | it bkeim klir priti fast | It came clear pretty fast. |
| She has become much quieter. | shiz bkum much kwaieter | She become much quieter. |
| They became friends after that trip. | they bkeim frendz after that trip | They become friends after that trip. |
| What became of that idea? | wot bkeim ov that aidia | What came of that idea? |
| He had become quite good at it. | hi hd bkum kwait gud at it | He had came quite good at it. |
看第三列会发现三种很不一样的错误并排出现。第一种是丢首音节，became 变成 came，这是耳朵的问题，不是语法问题。第二种是听漏助动词，has become 变成 become，句子丢了时态。第三种是在两种形式之间选错，had become 变成 had came，说明你能听到这个词，但还不确定 had 后面该跟哪种形式。三种错误需要三种不同的纠正方法，知道自己犯的是哪一种，就完成了一半。
这在 WELE 的一次听写练习里会非常明显。你原样听写刚听到的句子，评分会标出偏掉的词，你写的 came 会紧挨着原文的 became 出现。你得到的信息不是词汇不够，而是耳朵正在跳过词首的非重读音节。
回到那些有 became 和 become 的句子，慢听动词前面的部分，不要听后面的，练习辨认那个很短的 /b/ 粘在前一个词上。这个技能可以复用到大量同类词：believe、before、begin、behind、because，它们都以一个被吞掉的音节开头。记忆形成在你看到自己听错哪里的那一刻，不是在重读五行表格的时候。
这篇 connected speech 文章解释整句的吞音和连读机制，也就是这些音为什么会消失，而不是你听力差。想马上用到真实句子上，打开 podcast 库，每篇都有 transcript，听写后可以对照。
became 和 become 常见搭配
Become 几乎没有 phrasal verb，和 come 完全不同，come 能衍生一整组。但它配有一串很固定的形容词和名词，那才是你在 podcast 和阅读里会遇到的东西。所以下表是 collocation 表，不是 phrasal verb 表，全部预先写成过去式或过去分词，让你直接熟悉。
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| become a teacher | 成为，接职业 | She became a teacher after ten years in sales. |
| become clear | 变得清楚 | It became clear that nobody had read the brief. |
| become obvious | 显露出来，谁都看得见 | The gap became obvious in the second week. |
| become available | 可用，开放使用 | The recording became available the next morning. |
| become popular | 变得流行 | The format became popular very quickly. |
| become aware of | 开始意识到 | We became aware of the issue only after launch. |
| become interested in | 开始对……感兴趣 | He became interested in podcasts during lockdown. |
| become involved in | 卷入，参与 | She became involved in the project by accident. |
| become accustomed to | 逐渐习惯，偏正式 | They became accustomed to the new schedule. |
| become known as | 以某个名字为人所知 | The area became known as the old quarter. |
| become friends | 成为朋友 | They became friends after that trip. |
| what became of | 后来怎么样了，后来的命运如何 | I still wonder what became of that idea. |
| become second nature | 成为本能，不用想就能做 | Checking the transcript has become second nature. |
become clear 和 become obvious 有一个值得注意的细节。两者都很常用假主语 it 开头："it became clear that"、"it became obvious that"。这是叙事类 podcast 和分析类文章里高频出现的句型，学整句型比逐词拼凑快得多。
what became of 还有一个细节。这个搭配不能在所有句子里替换成 what happened to。What became of 某人问的是长期命运，通常带着多年后的遗憾或好奇。What happened to 某人问的是刚发生的具体事件。选错不算语法错，只是把你的句子放错了时间尺度。
越南语使用者用 become 常犯的错误
Becomed 和 becamed。 学习者习惯把 -ed 当成适用于所有情况的过去式开关，这个错误就来自那里。Become 从不按规则变化，became 也不需要再加任何东西。只有 V2 用 became，V3 用 become。
Has became、have became、had became。 这是本页最常见的错误。在 have、has、had 后面，become 的过去分词仍是 become，和原形一样。正确说法是 "she has become"、"they have become"、"he had become"。如果你常犯这个错，也检查一下 come，因为 "I have came" 是同一类错误、同一位置。
Did you became。 Did 承担时态，动词保持原形，这条规则不变。"Did he become the lead?" 才对。这个错误常出现在你正集中精力记住 become 的过去式是 became 的时候——记太牢了。
把 become 和 to V 连在一起。 "He became to like the job" 越南语使用者写出来相当自然，但英语没有这种形式。Become 是系动词，后面接名词或形容词。要说逐渐喜欢某样东西，用 came to like 或 grew to like。
该用 get、turn 或 go 的地方用了 become。 "The milk became sour" 和 "the leaves became red" 语法都对，但听起来很书面。母语者说 "went sour" 和 "turned red"。日常对话里，get 在大部分情况下也能替 become：got tired、got better、got used to it。
把 become 里的字母 o 读成 /oʊ/。 这是眼睛带来的错误。Become 读 /bɪˈkʌm/，中间是短元音，像 come，不像 home。另外，某些地区的口语里你会听到母语者说过去时 "he become a manager last year" 而不改成 became，这在少数方言里确实存在，听得懂，但写作和考试别用。
快速练习
八句话，填入 become、becomes、became 或 becoming。做完所有句子再看下面的答案。
- She ______ a nurse three years after graduating.
- Did the problem ______ worse after the update?
- It has ______ a habit for the whole team.
- The second half ______ much easier once you know the pattern.
- He is ______ more confident every week.
- They ______ friends during that first project.
- By the time we arrived, the room had ______ completely quiet.
- I still wonder what ______ of that idea.
答案：1. became. 2. become. 3. become. 4. becomes. 5. becoming. 6. became. 7. become. 8. became.
第 2 题和第 7 题值得仔细看。第 2 题前面有 did，动词要用原形，虽然整句说的是过去，学习者常在这里填 became，因为脑中想着时态。第 7 题前面有 had，必须是 become 的分词，而 become 的分词又和原形一样，所以很多人填 became，让它听起来更像过去，然后错。
常见问题
become 的过去式是什么？
become 的过去式是 became，过去分词却是 become。变位方式和 come、came 一模一样，因为 become 本来就是 come 加上前缀 be。
用 became 还是 become？
看看前面有没有助动词。有 have、has、had 就用 become。有 did、will、can 或 to 也用 become。前面什么都没有就用 became。"He became a lead" 对，"he has become a lead" 对，"he has became a lead" 错。
为什么 become 的 V3 和 V1 一样？
因为 become 属于 V1 和 V3 相同的那一小群，和 come、run、overcome 一组。become 的原因很简短：它是 come 加上前缀 be 的动词，所以它继承了 come 的整套变位。
become 和 get 有什么不同？
意思相近，但正式程度不同。become 偏向书面语和大的、长期的变化。get 更口语，几乎占满日常对话：got tired, got better, got used to it。说职业时 become 可以直接用，get 得经过 job 这个词。
为什么听 became 常抄成 came？
因为 became 的重音在第二个音节，第一个音节缩成一个很短的音，贴在前面那个词上。那个音太轻时，剩下的部分听起来就是 came。修法是练习听动词前面的部分，不要只听重读的那一段。
学多久才能在快语速里听出 became？
语法规则很快，坐一节课就记得。耳朵那部分看你现有的听力底子，最实在的测法是听写几段对话，看还漏在哪。听力水平测试能留下一个基准，几周后再用它对比。
become 的变形表三十秒就能读完，这是本页最简单的部分。剩下的，V3 和 V1 相同、第一个音节被吞到 became 听成 came，只有你听漏了它、又看到自己抄错的地方，才会真正进耳朵。选一部短剧，有人讲人生中一个转折点，试试听写一段有 became 或 become 的，再回来看文首的表格，看还会不会觉得它枯燥。
